Although the uncle learned calligraphy in drafting class at a vocational school, he took it to the level of art with his soulful style. Cabral then studied it from a neighbor, who also knew the craft.

Gripping a calligraphy brush, the robot arm would dip the tip in black ink, then draw letters on paper sheets. El Abasiry controlled the arm via computer. “It took me hours of practicing, and ...