The cold sintering process (CSP) combines heat, pressure and the use of water to significantly reduce energy use as it lowers the temperatures required to produce ceramics to around 300 degrees ...

"Sintering is the process by which raw materials—either powders or liquids—are converted into a ceramic material," says Cheryl Xu, co-corresponding author of a paper on this research and a ...

Sintering of pure oxide ceramics requires relatively long processing times (about 20 hours) and high temperatures of 800 degrees Celsius or more. The development of modern materials such as ...

But a sintering process developed by a team of researchers at Penn State, called the cold sintering process (CSP), can sinter ceramics at much lower temperatures, less than 572 degrees F, ...

Ordinarily, when ceramic items are manufactured, the raw material has to be fired in a kiln at temperatures exceeding 1,000 ºC (1,832 ºF). Needless to say, it's a very energy-intensive process ...

But the high temperature required for the sintering process has limited the combinations that have been explored. MXene, a family of layered, two-dimensional materials discovered at Drexel in 2011 , ...

Ceramics have been used by humans for at least 26,000 years, but conventional ceramic sintering – part of the firing process which makes the materials much more durable – can take hours.

The entire process, known as sintering, happens so rapidly that the researchers consider it a single-step process. This process can be used in two different ways to engineer the ceramic.

Understanding the mechanisms behind the FAST process could speed commercial development of bulk ceramic sintering processing for a range of applications. The same mechanisms also apply to other ...

Scientists have reinvented a 26,000-year-old manufacturing process into an innovative approach to fabricating ceramic materials that has promising applications for solid-state batteries, fuel ...