Waters supersaturated with sparingly soluble salts are encountered in RO/NF (reverse osmosis/nanofiltration) membrane-based water treatment processes, cooling water discharge, and produced water from ...

From the snow formation process of crystallization, the artful beauty of this chemistry phenomenon can be glimpsed. Actually behind the amazing picture is the great strength of this reaction in ...

A seed crystal can be dropped into a saturated solution of sodium acetate. The solution will suddenly crystallize and turn to solid. Alternately, the solution may be slowly poured out onto a seed ...

Computer simulations are illuminating the molecular processes through which water is transformed into ice — and offering insight into crystallization more generally. When water becomes cold enough, it ...

Some minerals, like gypsum, hold water in their crystalline structure. Although still unexplored, the use of such crystallization water by organisms would point to a completely new water source for ...