While the decimal numbering system allows any digit in a number to have any of ten values (0-9), digits in hexadecimal numbers can have 16 (0-F), digits in octal numbers only eight (0-7) and ...

Working in hex or binary can feel strange and confusing compared with the base 10 number system used in our everyday world. It's not rocket science, but it requires adjusting how one thinks about ...

$ printf "octal: %o\nhex: %x\n" 42 42 octal: 52 hex: 2a Because of the notational convention mentioned earlier for non-decimal numbers in the shell, you also can specify an octal or hexadecimal value ...