In summary, microscopic hematuria may be completely benign or ... clean-catch method of urine collection in nonpregnant women does not decrease contamination rates and is not recommended.

Approximately 10 percent of patients with hematuria will be found to have a bladder tumor ... This method of detecting cancer cells under the microscope is very similar to a PAP smear for women. If ...

Cystoscopy is the reference standard for bladder cancer detection, and is also used to monitor patients with a history of the disease. The procedure is, however, invasive, and some patients find ...