The area of that cross section is the well known A = pi*R² which is colloquially pronounced as “pie are squared.” We will put aside the old joke that “Pie are not squared; pie are round” but we have ...

Objectives —To determine the effect of different training schedules on the cross sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar multifidus muscle in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods —Each of 59 nine ...