Minerals within basalt, including magnesium, calcium and iron, gradually react with CO 2 to form carbonate crystals inside the pores and seams of basalt, entombing the carbon as a permanent solid.

Carbonates are a group of minerals that contain the carbonate ion (CO32-) and a metal, such as iron or magnesium. Carbonates are important constituents of marine sediments and are heavily involved ...

Upper mantle carbonates are magnesium-rich and iron-poor. Under lower mantle conditions, it is thought that the arrangement of electrons in carbonate minerals changes under the pressure stress in ...