Beams of light that can be guided into corkscrew-like shapes called optical vortices are used today in a range of ...

The X-ray facility has started light commissioning ... This approach conserves energy, improves beam quality, and optimizes the facility’s compact magnetic structure. “This injection scheme ...

Scientists have created an ultrashort electron beam with five times ... originally developed for X-ray free-electron lasers, ...

The change in direction of a beam of light as it travels from one material ... Angle of incidence i = angle between the incident ray and the normal. Angle of refraction r = angle between the ...

The Beam (Gen 2) is a more compact Dolby Atmos soundbar that costs $499. And the Ray, which costs just $279, is its smallest and most affordable soundbar. Of the four, the Arc and Arc Ultra are the ...

including high energy (MeV) and low energy (keV) electron beam and X ray irradiation. Comparative studies of gamma, electron beam and X ray irradiation for food and phytosanitary uses are also ...