Seed consumption can sometimes constitute predation. Seeds are considered organisms. Under ideal circumstances, seeds grow to become plants. However, consumption of a seed kills the plant before ...

Plants increase predation of herbivores by luring and keeping predators on a plant with food rewards, shelters from harsh conditions, or chemicals signaling prey availability. Domatia are ...

Our comprehensive search suggests that venom delivery systems fully analogous to those of animals exist among plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, and viruses. Thus, venomous organisms are far more ...

Spotted lanternflies have wreaked havoc on U.S. agriculture since their arrival in 2014, but Penn State researchers may have ...