Researchers have discovered the oldest known example of a predator-prey “arms race,” based on their study of ancient fossils.

First, prey and predators rarely work together, yet horses and humans cooperate frequently. Second, prey and predator brains operate in ways so distinct that it’s hard to imagine how they can ...

For example, alarm calls of other prey can trigger protective behavior, such as with birds. Chemical signals released by a recently attacked tadpole can alert others to danger, Langkilde says. And in ...

Prey that masquerade benefit from the predator misidentifying them as real objects in the environment, not just failing to detect the prey. The quality of the new work is excellent, Hughes says.

For example, birds avoid eating ... Edmund D. Brodie Jr. and colleagues demonstrated that some frogs have taken a step forward in the arms race between predators and prey by being venomous rather ...

First, prey and predators rarely work together, yet horses and humans cooperate frequently. Second, prey and predator brains operate in ways so distinct that it’s hard to imagine how they can ...