How do cells detect non-self double-stranded ... Figure 1: In the innate immune system, cytoplasmic sensor molecules detect invasion of viruses or bacteria, then activate expression of cytokines ...

For more than a century, scientists have known that nerve cells in the gut propel the colon ... assistant professor of immunology in the Blavatnik Institute at HMS and co-senior author on the ...

The immune system must be able to quickly attack invaders like viruses, while also ignoring harmless stimuli, or allergies can result. Immune cells are known to ignore or "tolerate" molecules ...

When battery cells overheat or are damaged, volatile electrolyte vapours can be released and may ignite, triggering fires or explosions. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop gas sensors ...