Tibial nerve stimulation for urgency was initially tested in clinical trials more than 25 years ago. 1 Despite this long history, before 2009 only uncontrolled cohort studies of percutaneous ...

PTNS: Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation; OAB: Overactive bladder syndrome; NOUR: Non obstructive urinary retention; CPP/PBS: Chronic pelvic pain/painful bladder syndrome; RCT: Randomized ...

PAES can be further classified by anatomical type (I–VI, table 1). It may exist alone or in combination with popliteal vein and/or tibial nerve compression as part of popliteal entrapment syndrome.