Therefore, maximum or peak instantaneous gradient is derived using the simplified Bernoulli equation: p=4V 2 as described below (Figure 2).

Bernoulli's equation is a simple but incredibly important equation in physics and engineering that can help us understand a lot about the flow of fluids in the world around us. It essentially ...

Since V 1 is generally 1.0 m/s or less, the simplified Bernoulli equation may be rewritten as follows: ...