"The hook effect occurs when the HCG concentration is so high that it saturates both antibodies and there are so many molecules that the antibodies don't actually form a sandwich.

One major limitation is the "prozone effect" or "hook effect," where high levels of antibodies inhibit the binding of the reporter antibody, resulting in falsely low signals.

The “hook effect“: high concentrations of prostate-specific antigen giving artifactually low values on one-step immunoassay. N Engl J Med 1989;320:1755-1756 Crossref ...

The hook effect is also called a “high-dose hook effect” or “prozone effect.” Technically, you can have a hook effect with any kind of medical lab test: blood, urine, and saliva.

The hook effect intervenes with the signals in the body that indicate pregnancy. When you’re pregnant, the hCG molecules would get sandwiched between two antibodies and this is how it’s ...

TPOAb and TgAb IMAs should be checked for hook effects using ~20 specimens with antibody concentrations >1,000 kIU/L and ~20 specimens with values above 10,000 kIU/L.

While most CD73 antibodies in the clinic frequently experienced the "hook effect", where the antibody loses its effectiveness at high concentrations, uliledlimab is designed to unhook this affect ...