The 3Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement) are a set of principles that provide an internationally accepted framework ...

1. The OECD contains a large number of “substantive committees,” each comprising several “working parties.” For example, the Chemicals and Biotechnology Committee oversees OECD work on chemical safety ...

The rate of NAM development varies among the different scientific purposes for which animals are used. According to a Scientific American article, we are much closer to being able to completely ...

The term “new approach methodologies” typically refers to techniques of research and testing that don’t involve the use of live animals. This term is used instead of “nonanimal methods” to signify ...