Because membrane receptors interact with both extracellular signals and molecules within the cell, they permit signaling molecules to affect cell function without actually entering the cell.

Extracellular Nucleotide Release and Signaling In their physiologic state, mammalian cells contain high concentrations of ATP (5 to 8 mM).

The human brain is comprised of two main types of cells, known as neurons and glia. The first are responsible for ...

Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) plays a critical role in immune regulation, particularly in monocyte differentiation and ...

Scientists have found a novel way that includes a new lab-grown material that could help slow and even reverse some of the ...

Roughly one in ten Americans suffers from major depressive disorder (MDD) at any given time. In total, up to 20 percent of ...

Quorum sensing is mediated by bacteria producing, releasing, and detecting extracellular signaling molecules called autoinducers. Typically, when individual bacteria divide, they produce and release ...

Extracellular signaling molecules are the language that cells use to communicate with each other. These molecules transfer information not only via their chemical compositions but also through the way ...

This graphic illustrates paracrine adhesion signaling on small extracellular vesicles, which secretes a protein called galectin-3, which promotes endocytosis so the vesicle can be absorbed into ...

Recent studies provide new insights into signaling by mutant KRAS, inhibitors of which have provided modest benefits for patients.

This graphic illustrates paracrine adhesion signaling on small extracellular vesicles, which secretes a protein called galectin-3, which promotes endocytosis so the vesicle can be absorbed into ...

This article discusses the relationship between cell signaling and cancer, highlights key signaling pathways involved in cancer, and explores how critical mediators of aberrant signaling can be turned ...