Improving the utilization of platinum in proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is critical to reducing their cost. In the past decade, numerous Pt-based oxygen reduction reaction catalysts with ...

The degradation seriously affects the durability and cost of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). This article presents a novel model-driven method based on the frequency-domain Kalman ...

Based on the correlation between specific states and their impedance evolution patterns throughout cell life cycle, we developed an ML model capable of anticipating impedance field fluctuations, which ...