Force curve is the most important techniques for accurate measuring the stiffness, adhesion and energy dissipation. However, due to the challenges of probe-cell localization, this type of single-cell ...

While roboticists have introduced increasingly advanced systems over the past decades, most existing robots are not yet able ...

This paper presents a three-dimensional force sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with small size and high accuracy, which is proposed to be used in cardiac ablation procedures to achieve ...