Heat transfer is the physical act of thermal energy being exchanged between two systems by dissipating heat. Temperature and the flow of heat are the basic principles of heat transfer.

Since there are heavy interdependencies among the electrical, heat, and gas systems to supply various load types worldwide, operation of multi-energy carrier (MEC) systems faces critical challenges.

A review of the analytical conduction models for ground heat exchangers was presented first, followed with the developed 3D finite element model based on the ANSYS. The developed model was constructed ...