Alterations in the shape of the left temporal lobe, bilateral cuneus, and areas around the left central sulcus distinguish ADHD from typically developing patients.

Conclusions Narrowing of the central sulcus, upward shift of the brain, and narrowing of CSF spaces at the vertex occurred frequently and predominantly in astronauts after long-duration flights.

In addition, three astronauts in the long-duration group had optic-disk edema, and all three experienced narrowing of the central sulcus.