Non flowering plants like ferns and mosses don’t even have seeds. They begin their life cycle as ‘Spores’. Spores are created by an adult plant without any need for pollination.

Plants are classified as annuals, biennials or perennials based on their life cycles. Biennials, like foxglove, have a vegetative year followed by a flowering year. Perennials, including woody ...

These non-flowering plants diverged from their flowering relatives around 500 million years ago and their "less complex" genomes and growth requirements make them a useful model to explore how the ...

Welwitschia mirabilis, a type of non-flowering seed plant, in the Namibian desert. (Shutterstock) The vast majority of seed plants that have ever lived are now extinct.

Seasonal cues, such as day length and temperature, influence the developmental programme of plants. Recent genetic research has shed light on the pathways that lead to seasonal responses in flowering.