Surface defect detection is one of the most important vision-based measurements (VBMs) for intelligent manufacturing. Existing detection methods mainly require massive numbers of defect samples to ...

Defect segmentation on the inner surface of seamless steel tubes (SSTs) is a crucial technical means for evaluating product quality. However, both the category and quantity of defective samples of ...

SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) protein complexes are ring-shaped molecular motors essential for genome folding. Despite recent progress, the detailed molecu ...

Annealing. Annealing of the surface reveals the gradual activation of various O 2 dissociation channels. Fig. 3 A – C shows constant-height AFM images taken after exposing the sample to O 2 at 80 K, ...