After drainage of cerebrospinal fluid, ... brain water to a normal volume. 11,12 Neurons similarly manufacture and accumulate small protein molecules that raise intracellular osmolarity.

In general, 0.25% saline is rarely used as a hydration fluid by itself. Because of the tonicity gradient, free water would enter the red blood cells, causing them to swell. This could lead to cell ...

Body fluids are mainly water and electrolytes, and the three main organs that regulate fluid balance are the brain, the adrenal glands and the kidneys (Tortora and Grabowski, 2002). One-third of the ...