Cryptorchidism, or undescended testis, is a well-known risk factor for testicular cancer and impaired semen quality in adulthood, conditions which have their origins in early fetal and postnatal life.

In a nutshell Human placentas produce exceptionally high hormone levels that may have driven our brain evolution, not male competition as traditionally thought These pregnancy hormones directly ...

Maternal-Placental-Fetal Interactions Until recently, it was believed that thyroid hormones did not cross the placenta; yet newer studies in animals and humans have shown placental passage of ...

Elevated hormone levels in the womb, combined with enhanced placental function, may have played a key role in human evolution by supporting larger, more connected brains.